How to Prevent the Abuse of Human Rights Through Public Health Emergencies Like Covid-19

On Monday 1 April 2024, the Better Way Today session of the World Council for Health (WCH) was presented by WCH Law and Activism Committee Chair, Shabnam Palesa Mohamed, a human rights activist, journalist, and lawyer from South Africa.

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Introducing the WCH Legal Brief

Shabnam drew attention to a groundbreaking legal brief, Preventing the Abuse of Public Health Emergencies, published by WCH in February 2024. This document explains how International Human Rights Law (IHRL) can enable ‘we the people’ to defend our inalienable rights during declared states of emergency, such as the Covid-19 event.

This knowledge is vital, as the imminent promulgation of the World Health Organization’s (WHO’s) pandemic treaty and amended international health regulations will give WHO the power to force governments, when faced with future public health emergencies, to impose even more tyrannical measures than those implemented during Covid-19.

The authors of the Legal Brief are convinced that, had the general public, legal practitioners, health practitioners, politicians, and the media been properly informed about the requirements of IHRL (in particular the prerequisites necessary to declare a legitimate state of emergency), the gross violations of human rights that took place during Covid would not have been possible.

The abuse of emergency provisions over the past four years has revealed a fraught relationship between the declaration of a state of emergency and protection of human rights. After the WHO declared Covid-19 a pandemic on 11 March 2020, governments across the world – ignoring IHRL and lawful limits to policymaking – instituted severe emergency measures that resulted in widespread violations of basic human rights, including lack of access to health care services, shortages of medical supplies, confinement and restriction of movement, neglect of the elderly brutal crackdowns on protests, and even arbitrary arrests.

How do we ensure that this never happens again? The inexplicable silence and inaction from the United Nations Human Rights Commission, major human rights NGOs, and other such bodies over the past four years is a cause for extreme concern. There appear to be no ultimate institutional safeguards in place to ensure that emergency powers are used for the purpose of preserving the rule of law. Under these circumstances, it is up to ‘we the people’. We will stop this injustice by knowing our rights, and we will protect our rights by acting on them.

In response to the need for action, the WCH intends to launch an international Health Rights Monitoring and Reporting Panel (IHRMRP). This multidisciplinary body will comprise experts from various fields, including civil society, health, law, advocacy, academia, media, and international relations. This group will be responsible for monitoring, documenting, and reporting on adherence to health human rights standards, and identifying instances of violations around the world.

You can find out more and support this critical initiative by contacting Shabnam by email at shabnam@thewc4h.org .

In the words of Martin Luther King Jr, “An injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere.” Let us remember that WE are the 99%. We are taking our power back and we are co-creating a Better World.

Shabnam’s slides are available for download here.

View all previous episodes of our live shows here.

Hello and welcome to Better Way Today. Today is Monday, the 1st of April. And my name is Emma and I’m here with my friend and colleague, Christophe. And we’re so glad that you’re here with us. If you’re joining us live, please take a moment to say hello in the chat and let us know where you’re tuning in from. We love to see where everybody’s joining us from. And if you celebrate April Fool’s Day where you are, I hope you’re having a really fun day. And please do trust me when I say that we have a really informative show for you today. It’s not a joke. So I’m going to go through announcements with you first, and then I’ll hand it over to Christoph for some better news. So today our guest is our very own Shabnam Palaisa-Muhammad. Shabnam is going to talk about how the people can prevent the abuse of our human rights through declared states of emergency such as COVID-19. It is by knowing our rights and the four international law criteria to lawfully declare an emergency and teaching them to other people. Join WCH’s Law and Activism Committee Chair Shabnam soon to understand these protective criteria and what we can do to defend our inalienable rights the next time our governments, through Unelected Who’s international and harmful recommendations, attempt to declare a state of emergency. And in case you missed it, last week’s expert hearing is still available to watch on our website. You can visit worldcouncilforhealth.org slash WHO withdrawal to watch. Please look for a comprehensive write-up coming soon on our sub stack, as well as a statement from the World Council for Health. Join the WCH Mind Health Committee this Wednesday as we explore a common confusion and engage a powerful awareness to elucidate life, the universe, and everything with Patrick Dubois, PhD. Register to join this free webinar at worldcouncilforhealth.org slash mindhealth. Next week’s Better Way Today will be hosted by Dr. Tess Laurie and WCH Mind Health Committee member Kim Knight. Tess and Kim will delve into how to heal childhood, adult, and collective trauma with guest Max Lowen. Embark on a journey to holistic wellbeing at the first of its kind in the UK happening this June, the Better Way Detox Fair. Bringing together a blend of allopathic and holistic practitioners, this unique event promises a fusion of traditional and alternative approaches to health. Enjoy enlightening discussions and gain insights from panel discussions of leading health experts as they share detox protocols and address your questions, guiding you towards optimal wellbeing through natural means. Learn how to detox from heavy metals, understand more about parasites and cancer and find out how to take a digital detox. Network with like-minded individuals, make new friends, meet exhibitors on a beautiful 220 acre organic stone barn farm setting in Wiltshire, UK. This fair will empower and educate you to take action to optimize your health, boost your immune system and improve your overall wellbeing. Join us at the Better Way Detox Fair and embark on a journey towards holistic wellness. Tickets are on sale now at betterwayevents.org. And we have some partner announcements. The Michigan Health Choice Alliance believes that all Michigan residents have the basic human right to make health choices on behalf of themselves, their children, and patients without coercion, threat, or penalty, particularly by our own governments. They envision a Michigan population who is healthy, free of disease and toxic exposures, and believe each individual or parent is in charge of their own health. On the 4th of April, MHCA is hosting Dr. Peter McCullough in Southfield, Michigan for a fundraising event. You can learn more about this and purchase tickets at mihealthchoice.org. The German-speaking independent network of scientists and doctors invites you to an online conference on the 5th of April titled, How Do We Protect Ourselves from 5G and the WHO? Several experts from different specialist areas will provide answers to the question of what they can contribute from their profession to answering this highly topical question. The conference is free of charge and can be watched via the group’s YouTube channel or their Twitch channel, both of those you can see on the screen right there. The video recording will also be available online a little later. For more information, you can go to the group’s website which is also on the screen there, corona-solution.com. Is our future being planned without our consent? What is the WEF and UN Agenda 2030 endgame? Are these organizations as benevolent as they say? Come to London on the 11th of April and hear cutting-edge speakers joining the dots and explaining how the changes that we are seeing in our infrastructures and lifestyles are being dominated by top-down agendas. Our very own Dr. Teslori is hoping to speak at this event as well. This event also includes practical solutions to empower us to keep a free society and includes a special screening of Mark Sharman and Oracle Films’ new documentary. Tickets are available on Eventbrite. Coming up at the end of this month is an exciting conference in Costa Rica. A few weeks ago, we had the pleasure of sitting down with one of the organizers, Marco, for an interview to learn more about this event. If you missed that, you can find it on our website. I encourage you to take a listen and to share it with any friends that you have in Latin America. Just search Costa Rica on our website and you’ll be able to find the interview there. Learn more and register to attend this in person on the Congress website. It’s movelibertadcr.com slash inscriptions. Have you visited the WCH online shop recently? We’re constantly adding new items, including books, EMF protection products, vitamins, supplements, all kinds of great things. Visit shop.worldcouncilforhealth.org to take a look and be sure to check out our new rewards program while you’re there. Sign up now and start earning rewards right away. And we invite you to please support the World Council for Health today by giving a one-off donation for as little as $5 or even five pounds a month as a recurring donation. If you like these live shows that we bring you, if you have used our guides, if you’ve shared things online with friends to support them, we encourage you to please support us so we can continue producing these great things and bring you live shows just like this one. When you donate, please add a little note too to tell us why you’re supporting the World Council for Health. because we love to read that and it’s very encouraging to our entire team. Thank you to everyone who has supported us and encouraged us thus far. And that is it for today’s announcements. And Christoph, over to you for some better news. Well, thank you, Amber. It’s always so reassuring to hear from you about all the events that are happening on this beautiful planet right at this moment. And this is just a small highlighting of everything that’s going on. It’s certainly amazing, not only on April Fool’s Day, to be alive on this planet at the moment. So I start with the weekly updates of the Better Way News with some news of my home country, Germany, and the so-called RKI files. That’s the German CDC, the Robert Koch Institute. have been released after a law case of the journal Multipolar in Germany. It involves over 2,500 pages and documents the meetings of the so-called experts, the COVID crisis team that had met during the time starting in 2020 to discuss the proceedings. and uh no surprise to many for us but to surprise to even to mainstream news in germany uh they in their protocols mention that the risk assessment that was updated on the 18th of 2020 from moderate scare of the COVID outbreak to a severe one actually was not the case. They knew the data that that was not the case, that the case fatality rate was actually the one of a moderate flu. They knew this in 21 as well. And they stated there again, Because if you remember at the beginning, even Dr. Fauci was not very fond of masking, that masking actually do not work. So these are huge revelations with huge implications for all the measures that have been taken. Most of the content of it has been marked in black. So we hope to have soon a clear image of all of this and hopefully will have some consequences due to these reports. So thank you very much to the journal Multipolar for doing this amazing job. Next one, please. And as always, there’s a lot of scary things going on on our planet at the moment as well. One of them is that We have been reporting about the consequences of being a farmer in our time, of making farmers responsible for our climate crisis. And we reported from Holland, from Ireland, from many other countries. And we saw the protests in so many European countries of farmers who don’t want to take all the blame for it. We saw the destruction of farming culture. We’ve witnessed the masking of cows, which had been promoted. We’ve witnessed the genetic modification of cows that has been taking place so far. But a new one is a milk that’s already available in some countries, including Norway, that’s called the climate milk. And the climate milk contains chemicals, which apparently decrease the climate burden about 25%. So this may sound interesting to somebody who’s involved in the same agenda against farmers. But these chemicals have been labeled as corrosive, flammable, irritant, and a health hazard, and are suspected of damaging fertility to the unborn child. This has been done in studies on the male reproductive system in rats. So watch out and get more information and demand more information when seeing a climate milk soon in your local supermarket. Next one, please. And well, here is a really uplifting, wonderful piece of news from Louisiana. And we know that on a federal level, Many states in the United States have turned around and counties have even opposed any further distribution of COVID mRNA injections, but the Louisiana Senate just anonymously passed a bill that denies that any communication from the WHO, UN and WF may be used as a basis for action within the state. So thank you very much, Lusiana, for standing up and remain the local independence and authentic perspective in this more centralized world. So next one, please, as well, some encouraging news from from Australia, from the other side of the planet, we know that they’ve been exposed to some of the most since severe consequences for obeying to the rules that had been set up by the WHO in order to counteract the pandemic and Australia now officially launched, through the help of Senator Ralph Babbitt, an investigation into the access death, which is not only happening in Australia, but worldwide in countries that have been using the COVID injections. So a rise that didn’t start in 2020, but in 21, 22, 23, and is still going on. And the next interesting and uplifting information from, if you could go one more back, sorry, Emma, thanks. that the mandatory vaccination of police and healthcare sectors is now declared illegal in Australia. So thank you very much for all the activists down there that have been fighting against this and hopefully this will spread to other countries, keeping in mind that here in Germany, for example, COVID injections are still mandatory and last year at the press conference in Geneva, we were also quite amazed that in order to enter a WHO building, you still needed a valid COVID certificate. So well done, Australia. Thank you for these two important steps. And now next one, please. And this is a worrying observation that came out in a recent study. We know that myocarditis is a frequent side effect, much more frequent than being discussed in the media of the COVID injections. But this is a worrying finding because in most cases, people have been told that myocarditis is usually mild and resolves itself. Well, this is a study. in which they looked a year after the initial findings of myocarditis after the COVID injections, and it was 47% of the cases that it hadn’t resolved at that stage yet. So hopefully we will find some ways in order to treat the ones affected and are able to demonstrate more clear causal effect of the two events and therefore do the same than some counties in the US, but to stop the mRNA injections. So next one, please. And this is a very interesting one. Oxfam just published a latest report in which they mentioned that 1% of the world’s population gained twice as much since 2020 than the rest of the world combined. And this in despite of the fact that every tenth human being on this earth is still struggling for food every day. And so this is now the first time for 25 years that extreme richness and extreme poverty have increased simultaneously and that was due to, that was shown in the latest survival of the richest report of Oxfam. I can only invite all of you to read it because the numbers and the facts in this publications are just staggering. So thank you very much, Emma. And next one. And to conclude this short summary of highlights of the last week, always to conclude with our motto of the World Council for Health, that there is a better way. And to quote again Albert Einstein today, there are two ways to live. You can live as if nothing is a miracle, And you can live as if everything is a miracle. So with this, I’ll leave it to this way is better way news. And yeah, back to you, Emma. And looking forward to an exciting presentation by Shabna. Thank you so much, Christophe. All right. So as we previously mentioned, and Christophe just mentioned, today’s guest is our very own Shabnam Palaisa-Muhammad. Shabnam is chair of our Law and Activism Committee and a member of our Steering Committee, as well as a director of EBMC Squared CIC. She joins us today to discuss what we can do to defend our inalienable rights the next time our governments attempt to declare a state of emergency. So without further ado, we’re going to hand it over to Shabnam. Hello, everyone. My name is Shabnam Pelesa-Mohamed. I’m a human rights activist, journalist, and lawyer from South Africa. Thank you for the opportunity for presenting at this Better Way Today episode today. I’m going to share a few slides on the subject, which is really very important, and I’d ask you to please share this presentation widely across the world. So our topic today, preventing the abuse of human rights through public health emergency, certainly a critical topic given what many of us experienced during the COVID-19 chapter and the intention to launch more pandemics and other purported public health emergencies such as climate change. In this presentation, we’ll be looking at the four international law criteria to declare a state of emergency, and we’ll be sharing presentation recommendations with you and how to protect our human rights. By way of introduction, COVID-19, of course, as many of us know, is a Trojan horse event that enabled human rights and freedoms to be trampled, dangerous medical interventions to be normalized, and an unprecedented transfer of wealth from the ordinary people, so-called, to the super rich. There’s a deep concern, too, that this was just a trial run. that the imminent promulgation of the World Health Organization’s pandemic treaty and amended international health regulation amendments will take these tyrannical measures to an entirely different level. But of course, we have to ask the question, what was the role of our governments during the COVID-19 chapter? Of course, a role that continues to date. So what did World Council for Health do in response to these legitimate concerns In February 2024, the World Council for Health published a legal agreement on preventing the abuse of public health emergencies. This groundbreaking document explains how governments use a declaration of an unjustifiable state of emergency as a legal instrument to deny people human rights and freedoms and to grant themselves extraordinary powers. The arguments presented in this thoroughly referenced document, please note, show that the COVID-19 event never actually met any of these four criteria. Thus, as it did not meet the legal conditions of an emergency threatening the life of a nation, all derogation measures such as lockdowns, mask mandates, school and small business closures, travel restrictions and harmful vaccine mandates were illegal breaches of international human rights law. The authors of the legal brief and everyone who contributed to it, including myself, maintain that had people been properly informed about the requirements of international human rights law and the prerequisites necessary to declare a legitimate state of emergency, these gross violations of fundamental human rights would not have been possible. The widespread misuse of emergency measures during the course of COVID-19 pandemic has confirmed the view The de facto, there are no ultimate institutional safeguards available for ensuring that emergency powers be used for the purpose of preserving the Constitution. So what is this legal brief about? During the COVID-19 period, unlawful, pseudo-legal emergency regulations breached the fundamental human rights of billions of people globally. The critical question that should have been asked by us as civil society and by the governments which serve us was whether the threat posed by COVID-19 represented a public health emergency that threatened the life of a nation. The legal brief presents four criteria to be used to determine if a state of emergency should be declared. On the right, the cover of the legal brief, and of course, you can download that from worldcouncilforhealth.org. This is the navigation of the legal brief. It starts with item one being a summary. item two, state of emergency and international human rights law, and further down, item three, conclusion and recommendations, and item four, list of references and legal documents. The criteria to lawfully declare a state of emergency. Prior to the declaration of any state of emergency, which is an extreme measure, the onus is on the government to show that the public health crisis threatens the life of a nation. and that the step meets the following four criteria. The threat must be one, actual or imminent. Two, involve the whole nation. Three, place the continuation of the organized life of society at risk of extinction. And four, be so extraordinary that ordinary measures for protecting public health and order are clearly inadequate. A public health emergency that does not meet any one of the above criteria would not constitute a legitimate threat to the life of the nation. Any human rights infringing public health measures instituted pursuant to such public health emergency would be illegitimate in terms of normative standards of international human rights. Let’s talk about all derogation methods, of course, were illegal breaches of international human rights law. And on the right, all states have a legal obligation to enact public policy that protects, respects, and ensures fundamental human rights. Furthermore, certain norms and fundamental human rights exist that can never be violated, not even during a state of emergency. Instead, during COVID-19, governments around the world chose to follow the recommendations of World Health organization and ignore the rights of citizens and enact oppressive public health measures. It is also of huge concern that human rights organizations fail to hold governments to account for their abuse of emergency measures. Acting ultra-various. Now, ultra-virus essentially means when a government or an authority acts outside the scope of its authority. Throughout history, it’s evident that one of the principal tools employed by governments to deny people their basic rights and freedoms has been the basic declaration, the baseless declaration of a state of emergency. Unsurprising then, the central legal instrument abused by governments during COVID-19 was a declaration of an illicit state of emergency which granted governments and their public health authorities extensive powers. This, as we know and as we experienced, led to and facilitated unjustifiable gross violations of fundamental human rights for almost three years. Ms. Oltavira’s abuse of authority would not have been practically possible had the general public, legal practitioners, health practitioners, politicians, and the media been adequately informed regarding the requirements on international human rights law and the benchmarks needed to declare a legitimate state of emergency. The limitation of rights. Now, the international human rights law standards that authorities need to follow are clear regarding how limitations on essential rights should be handled during public health emergencies. The requirements for any emergency measures derogating from covenant obligations are very clear that they must respond to a genuine, imminent and immense public or social need. They must be imposed by law and not imposed arbitrarily. They must be balanced and proportionate to the threat. They must be strictly required by the demands of the situation, and they must be no more restrictive than needed to accomplish the purpose. So very clear. Now, in terms of international human rights law, Article 4 of the International Convention on Civil and Political Rights explicitly determines that in terms of public health emergencies which threaten the life of a nation and the existence of which is officially proclaimed, the state parties to the present covenant may take measures derogating from their obligations under the covenant to the extent strictly required by the exigencies of the situation provided that such measures are not inconsistent with other obligations under international law the international law associations paris minimum standards of human rights norms in a state of emergency further define a public emergency as an exceptional situation of crisis or public danger actual or imminent which affects the whole population or the whole population of an area to which the declaration applies and constitutes a threat to the organized life of the community of which the state is composed. Now, what are these human rights standards? The international public health community should employ evidence based policies to control the spread of disease and safeguard public health without infringing human rights from a legal perspective. there was no justification to respond differently to COVID-19 than to other transmissible diseases with similarly crude mortality rates, such as certain types of influenza and respiratory diseases. Human rights standards and principles contained in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, ICCPR, the Syracuse Principles, and the Paris Minimum Standards specific to public health emergencies comprise effective and practical criteria that state parties must observe in order to honor the treaty obligations with regards to protecting and ensuring the human rights of all within their national borders. I want to pause here, of course, to highlight that informed consent and public participation, in other words, a public understanding why government intends to declare a state of emergency and there being a robust and meaningful public participation process to respond to this essential or intended declaration is essential in all countries around the world in line with your Bill of Rights, your Constitution, and of course, international human rights law. Now, in terms of recommendations in this legal brief contained on our website, worldcouncilforhealth.org, the only defense that can guarantee the fundamental human rights of people around the world is the public’s own knowledge of the law. proactive legal action, and our determination to ensure that our governments do not abuse discretionary power by imposing self-serving bias to arbitrary limitations on fundamental human rights. To prevent public health emergencies resulting in similar human rights abuses, the legal brief therefore recommends the following actions. On the right, what can we do? Education. To educate the public regarding the criteria, remember the four criteria, to declare a legitimate state of emergency. Then, of course, international human rights law panels to establish panels to monitor adherence to international human rights law and to communicate violations. Three, advocacy to establish activist groups to take necessary proactive education and advocacy actions. And four, lawful actions to litigate and to use natural law to assert our rights. So what will you gain from this legal brief? The purpose of this document, A, is to educate the public, legal practitioners, health practitioners, government officials, and the media, but how to ascertain the presence or absence for bona fide, meaning genuine public health emergency. B, to set out the legal criteria and minimum thresholds necessary to declare a legitimate and lawful state of emergency seen to prove that these criteria were never met during the COVID-19 era. D, to prevent the future abuse of emergency provisions, and E, to highlight that certain Hogan’s norms and fundamental human rights can never be violated, not even during a declared state of emergency. For example, the right to be free from medical experimentation without free and informed consent. So how did they do it? The abuse of emergency provisions in our countries over the past three to four years again brought the world’s attention to the complicated relationship between the declaration of a state of emergency and the protection of essential human rights. Controversially, the WHO, an agency of the United Nations, declared COVID-19 a pandemic on 11 March 2020. This was followed by many countries across the world instituting severe emergency measures resulting in widespread violations of basic human rights. Governments abused the declaration of a state of emergency revealing a brash and cavalier indifference towards international human rights law and the lawful limits to policymaking. Indeed, emergency measures were misused as a nefarious government technique rather than an exceptional temporary measure. Unlawful COVID-19-related pseudo-legal emergency regulations breached the fundamental human rights of billions of people around our world. Of course, we stop this by knowing our rights. We protect our rights by acting on them. certain fundamental human rights can never be suspended under any circumstances, not even during a lawful state of emergency. Article 4 of the ICCPR specifies a list of fundamental human rights from which no derogation is allowed. This list includes inter alia, the right not to be arbitrarily deprived of life, the right not to be subjected to torture, the right not to be subjected to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, and the right not to be subjected to medical or scientific experimentation without free and informed consent. Other Juskochen’s norms include prohibitions of crimes against humanity, war crimes, genocide and slavery. In further understanding our rights, all states have a legal obligation to enact public policy that protects, respects and ensures fundamental human rights in line with the international treaty obligations. Bolstered by the recommendations of the WHO, numerous governments, almost all of them state parties to the ICCPR, ratified by 173 governments worldwide, decided to violate fundamental human rights. America, the United Kingdom, and almost all European Union member states decided to take unbalanced, illegal, and oppressive public health actions that disregarded the following rights of citizens. The right to life, the right to freedom for medical experimentation, the right to freedom of movement, the right to equal protection of the law, and the right to freedom of thought, conscience, and religion. So what happened in different countries around the world? You will recall in Brazil, for example, on the left, The government’s inadequate response to the pandemic resulted in severe shortages of medical supplies and oxygen, exacerbating the health crisis. In India, marginalized communities faced barriers to accessing health care services, leading to disproportionate rates of infection and mortality. In China, strict lockdown measures in Wuhan and other cities led to widespread confinement and restrictions of movement without adequate safeguards for essential needs. In Australia, harsh border closures and quarantine measures resulted in violations of the right to freedom of movement, particularly for individuals seeking asylum or stranded overseas. In South Africa, migrant workers and refugees face discrimination and stigmatization, hindering their access to essential services and healthcare. In the United Kingdom, elderly individuals in care homes were neglected and deprived of adequate protection, resulting in higher rates of infection and mortality. In the Philippines, the government faced scrutiny for its heavy-handed approach to enforcing lockdown measures, including the use of military and police forces to quell protests. In the United States of America, the government faced criticism for its treatment of migrants and asylum seekers, including the continued detention of individuals in overcrowded and unsanitary conditions. In Myanmar, the military faced condemnation for its brutal crackdown on protests during the pandemic, including the use of excessive force, arbitrary arrests and widespread human rights abuses against civilians. In Belarus, the government faced allegations of using the pandemic as a pretext to crack down on dissent and protests. Of course, there are innumerable examples of human rights law violations during the COVID-19 chapter, the effects of which are still felt by people around our world. The World Council for Health intends to launch an international Health Rights Monitoring and Reporting Panel, IHRMRP. This is a multidisciplinary body comprising experts from various fields, including civil society, health workers, law, advocacy, academia, media, and international relations. The panel intends to monitor, document, and report on adherence to health human rights standards and identify instances of violations around the world. If you would like to support this critical initiative, please contact me via the website worldcouncilforhealth.org or via email shabnam at thewcoh.org. In conclusion, the rudimentary requirements for the declaration of a lawful state of emergency were never met. This should never be allowed to recur. The systematic violation of human rights undermines national security and public order and constitutes a threat to international peace and stability. The inexplicable silence and inaction from major human rights NGOs, the United Nations Human Rights Commission and other regional human rights judicial forums in the face of the most pervasive abuse of emergency declarations is a cause for extreme concern. It’s indicative that the current IHR, judicial order and checks and balances are severely compromised and not functioning. This demands independent review and investigation. From a practical viewpoint, the rampant abuse of emergency measures since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic has confirmed the view that de facto there are no ultimate institutional safeguards available for ensuring that emergency powers are used for the purpose of preserving the rule of law. This can only be assured by the people’s own knowledge of the law, proactive legal action, and our determination to ensure that our governments do not abuse discretionary power by imposing self-serving bias or arbitrary limitations on our fundamental human rights. Thank you very much for your time and attention during this presentation. Please feel free to share it widely. And of course, support our work in international human rights with health being a core pillar by donating to support the World Council for Health’s work via the website worldcouncilforhealth.org. Thank you very much for the opportunity to present. And remember, it is as Martin Luther King says, an injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere. We are the 99%. We are taking our power back and we are co-creating a better world together. Thank you so much to Shabnam for recording and submitting that presentation for us. She is unable to join us live here today. So any one who does have a question about her presentation, please feel free to email her, contact her. I can put this back up here. She’s got her contact information there. Oops. on the very last slide. There we go. So she would be more than willing to respond to any questions that people have. And I just wanted to draw your attention really quick to a book that we have in the WCH shop. For those that are interested more in this topic, COVID-19 Lawlessness by Dr. Willem van Aert is a very, very good book to check out. We have it in the WCH shop right now. Dr. van Aert is a well-respected legal scholar who has published numerous articles on international human rights issues. law and bioethics. During the COVID-19 era, he draws extensively upon historic legal precedent, modern legal theory, and medical practice from around the world to provide an independent, objective, international legal analysis of the human rights and bioethical normative rules and standards relating to vaccine mandates and other COVID-19 restrictions. Really good book. I am not quite done with it myself. I keep picking it up and then finding other things that I need to do because it’s a pretty comprehensive big book. But I highly recommend that you grab a copy. And there’s more of a description on this listing in the WCH shop. You can just head over to shop.worldcouncilforhealth.org and it’s right in the books. You can also search for it if you click on the little magnifying glass in the upper right hand corner. Oh, it looks like Shabnam is here with us. Hello. Welcome. Oh, it looks like you might have froze right away. Are you here? I’m going to remove you quick and then put you back. Hello, Shabnam. I heard you for just a second. It doesn’t seem to be working too well, Emma. I’m here to support. I’m glad you’ve broadcasted my presentation and I’ll be in the background for support. It doesn’t look like the internet is too good right now. Kristof’s wasn’t so great either. So he’s no longer here. We’ve just finished your presentation. I was showing everybody Willem’s book in the chat or in our shop. And I’ll put the link in the chat to that as well. And we’ve just got a little video from Linda to play out today. We have a very short episode. So everybody has your contact information. If there are any people who have questions for you, I won’t ask you now since your Wi-Fi is not super reliable. Thanks for stopping in. All right, so as I said, we have a little video again from Linda and this time she’s made us a video about another one of the breathing exercises that she swears by. So hopefully this is a new one that you have not tried before and you can give it a try and let us know in the comments how it goes. So thank you everyone for joining us today and we will see you live next week, next Monday. Thanks.